Aluminum+Hydroxide

Aluminum hydroxide may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
 * Aluminium hydroxide**, Al(OH) 3, ATH, sometimes erroneously called Hydrate of alumina, is found in nature as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrargillite) and its three, much more rare polymorphs: bayerite, doyleite and nordstrandite. Closely related are aluminium oxide hydroxide, AlO(OH), and aluminium oxide, Al 2 O 3 , differing only by loss of water. These compounds together are the major components of the aluminium ore bauxite. Freshly precipitated aluminium hydroxide forms gels, which is the basis for application of aluminium salts as flocculants in water purification. This gel crystallizes with time. Aluminium hydroxide gels can be dehydrated (e.g., using water-miscible non-aqueous solvents like ethanol) to form an amorphous aluminium hydroxide powder, which is readily soluble in acids. Aluminium hydroxide powder which has been heated to an elevated temperature under carefully controlled conditions is known as activated alumina and is used as a desiccant, an adsorbent, in gas purification, as a Claus catalyst support, water purification, and an adsorbent for the catalyst during the manufacture of polyethylene by the Sclairtech process. It is used to help heart disease such as relief of heartburn, sour stomach, and peptic ulcer pain and to promote the healing of peptic ulcers.
 * constipation
 * loss of appetite

If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
 * confusion
 * unusual tiredness or discomfort
 * muscle weakness

It can be used as medication to relieve heartburn, a sour stomach, and peptic ulcer pain. Overdosing can result in weight loss, constipation, confusion, mood changes, or lack of urination.

__**Brand Names:**__ -Aloh-gel -Alternagel -Alu-cap -Alu-tab -Amphojel -basaljel -dialume

Properties
Gibbsite has a typical metal hydroxide structure with hydrogen bonds. It is built up of double layers of hydroxyl groups with aluminium ions occupying two-thirds of the octahedral holes between the two layers.[3] Aluminium hydroxide is amphoteric. It dissolves in acid, forming Al(H2O)63+ (hexaaquaaluminium(3+)) or its hydrolysis products. It also dissolves in strong alkali, forming Al(OH)4- (tetrahydroxidoaluminate(1-)). Some common chemical reactions involved aluminum hydroxide are: Al(OH)3+3HCl=Al(Cl)3+3H2O Al(OH)3+NaOH=Na[Al(OH)3]

Polymorphism
Four polymorphs of aluminium hydroxide exist, all based on the common combination of one aluminium atom and three hydroxide molecules into different crystaline arrangements that determine the appearance and properties of the compound. The four combinations are:[2] All polymorphs are composed of octahedral layers of aluminium hydroxide molecules with the aluminium atom in the centre and the hydroxyl groups on the sides, with hydrogen bonds holding the layers together. The polymorphisms vary in how the layers stack together, with the arrangements of the molecules and layers determined by the acidity, presence of ions (including salt) and the surface of the minerals the substance forms on. Under most conditions gibbsite is the most chemically stable form of aluminium hydroxide. All forms of Al(OH)3 crystals are hexagonal.[2]
 * Gibbsite
 * Bayerite
 * Nordstrandite
 * Doyleite

Pharmaceutical
This compound is used as an antacid under names such as Alu-Cap, Aludrox or Pepsamar. The hydroxide reacts with excess acid in the stomach, reducing its acidity.[9] This decrease of acidity of the contents of the stomach may in turn help to relieve the symptoms of ulcers, heartburn or dyspepsia. It can also cause constipation and is therefore often used with magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate, which have counterbalancing laxative effects. This compound is also used to control phosphate (phosphorus) levels in the blood of people suffering from kidney failure. Precipitated aluminium hydroxide is included as an adjuvant in some vaccines (e.g. anthrax vaccine). One of the well-known brands of aluminium hydroxide adjuvant is Alhydrogel, made by Brenntag. Since it absorbs protein well, it also functions to stabilize vaccines by preventing the proteins in the vaccine from precipitating or sticking to the walls of the container during storage. Aluminium hydroxide is often mis-called "alum" even by researchers; however, "alum" properly refers to aluminium potassium sulfate (alum). The aluminium hydroxide causes adsorption of antigens made of proteins, which slows the release of the antigen from the injection site (the "depot effect"), as well as causing a nonspecific irritation to the immune system.[10] Vaccine formulations containing aluminium hydroxide stimulates the immune system by inducing the release of uric acid, an immunological danger signal. This strongly attracts certain types of monocytes which differentiate into dendritic cells. The DCs pick up the antigen, carry it to lymph nodes, and stimulate T cells and B cells.[11] It appears to contribute to induction of a good Th2 response, so is useful for immunizing against pathogens that are blocked by antibodies. However, it has little capacity to stimulate cellular (Th1) immune responses, important for protection against many pathogens,[12] nor is it useful when the antigen is peptide-based.[10]

How to Make Aluminum Hydroxide:
How to make aluminum hydroxide
 * ~ Properties ||
 * Chemical formula || Al(OH)3 ||
 * Molar mass || 78.00 g/mol ||
 * Appearance || White Amorphous|amorphous powder ||
 * |Density || 2.42 g/cm³, solid ||
 * Melting point || 300 °C, 573 K, 572 °F ||
 * Solubility in Water || 0.0001 g/100 mL (20 °C) ||