Mercury

=**Mercury**= Mercury (Hg) is a chemical element located in group 12, period 6, block d of the periodic table. Mercury is a heavy, silvery metal, and it is the only metal that is a liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. It has a freezing point of −38.83 °C and a boiling point of 356.73 °C. Mercury's lattice structure is rhombohedral. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as [|cinnabar] ( [|mercuric sulfide] ). The red pigment [|vermilion] is mostly obtained by reduction from cinnabar. Cinnabar is highly toxic by ingestion or inhalation of the dust. [|Mercury poisoning] can also result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury (such as [|mercuric chloride] or [|methylmercury] ), inhalation of mercury vapor, or eating seafood contaminated with mercury. Mercury is used in [|thermometers], [|barometers] , [|manometers] , [|sphygmomanometers] , [|float valves] , [|mercury switches] , and other devices though concerns about the element's toxicity have led to mercury thermometers and sphygmomanometers being largely phased out in clinical environments in favor of [|alcohol] -filled, [|galinstan] -filled, digital, or [|thermistor] -based instruments. It remains in use in scientific research __applications__ and in [|amalgam] material for [|dental restoration]. It is used in lighting: electricity passed through mercury vapor in a phosphor tube produces short-wave [|ultraviolet light] which then causes the phosphor to [|fluoresce], making visible light.
 * Basic Info:**
 * Mercury** is a [|chemical element] with the symbol **Hg** and [|atomic number] 80. It is also known as **quicksilver** or **hydrargyrum** (from " [|hydr-] "//water// and " [|argyros] " //silver//). A heavy, silvery [|d-block] element, mercury is the only metal that is liquid at [|standard conditions for temperature and pressure] ; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is [|bromine], though metals such as [|caesium] , [|francium] , [|gallium] , and [|rubidium] melt just above room temperature. With a [|freezing point] of −38.83 °C and [|boiling point] of 356.73 °C, mercury has one of the narrowest ranges of its liquid state of any metal. [|[2]][|[3]][|[4]]

Mercury is a relatively heavy element and because of it's high surface tension it has the ability to support other objects as they are floating. Mercury has many different functions and its used in many different products to produce a variety of things. For example, mercury is used in the production of cosmetics, mainly in producing __mascara__. Mercury is also present in tattoo inks. Another example is, its use in medicine. Mercury is used in some thermometers, mainly the ones that are being used for high Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as [|cinnabar] ( [|mercuric sulfide] ). The red pigment [|vermilion] is mostly obtained by reduction from cinnabar. Cinnabar is highly toxic by ingestion or inhalation of the dust. [|Mercury poisoning] can also result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury (such as [|mercuric chloride] or [|methylmercury] ), inhalation of mercury vapor, or eating seafood contaminated with mercury. temperatures, as well as some __blood pressure monitors__. Also, there is a liquid mirror telescope that uses mercury in order to fill the mirror and it rotates. These types of telescopes are much cheaper than other types that are out there. Mercury is used in some lighting, as well, where electricity passes through mercury vapor. Mercury is a rare element that is found in Earth's crust, typically in ores near hot springs and volcanoes. Mercury is also found in ores of corderoite, livingstonite, and most commonly, cinnabar ores. However, the mining of cinnabar and refining for mercury are known to cause __mercury poisoning__. Mercury is a very toxic substance. It can cause damage to the brain, kidneys, and lungs. For these reasons, the use of mercury is declining, especially in medicine. Nonetheless, mercury can be found in Thiomersal, which is used in some over-the-counter drugs, including antiseptic and diaper-rash ointments, eye drops, and nasal sprays. Amalgam fillings, which contain 50% mercury, are used for repairing cavities, as well. Mercury-discharge spectral Compounds of mercury(IV) Mercury(IV) is the rarest oxidation state of mercury which is known to exist.
 * ~ eral properties ||
 * ~ Name, symbol, number || mercury, Hg, 80 ||
 * ~ Element category || transition metal ||
 * ~ Group, period, block || 12, 6, d ||
 * ~ Standard atomic weight || 200.59(2) ||
 * ~ Electron configuration || Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 ||
 * ~ Electrons per shell || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 (Image) ||
 * ~ Physical properties ||
 * ~ Phase || liquid ||
 * ~ Density (near r.t.) || 13.534 g·cm−3 ||
 * ~ Melting point || 234.32 K, -38.83 °C, -37.89 °F ||
 * ~ Boiling point || 629.88 K, 356.73 °C, 674.11 °F ||
 * ~ Critical point || 1750 K, 172.00 MPa ||
 * ~ Heat of fusion || 2.29 kJ·mol−1 ||
 * ~ Heat of vaporization || 59.11 kJ·mol−1 ||
 * ~ Molar heat capacity || 27.983 ||
 * ~ Molar heat capacity || 27.983 ||
 * Functions:**
 * Mercury** is a [|chemical element] with the symbol **Hg** and [|atomic number] 80. It is also known as **quicksilver** or **hydrargyrum** (from " [|hydr-] " //water// and " [|argyros] " //silver//). A heavy, silvery [|d-block] element, mercury is the only metal that is liquid at [|standard conditions for temperature and pressure] ; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is [|bromine], though metals such as [|caesium] , [|francium] , [|gallium] , and [|rubidium] melt just above room temperature. With a [|freezing point] of −38.83 °C and [|boiling point] of 356.73 °C, mercury has one of the narrowest ranges of its liquid state of any metal. [|[2]][|[3]][|[4]]
 * Where it's Found:[[image:220px-Mercury-27128.jpg]]**
 * Other Info:**

Mercury and most of its compounds are extremely toxic and must be handled with care; in cases of spills involving mercury (such as from certain thermometers or fluorescent light bulbs), specific cleaning procedures are used to avoid exposure and contain the spill. Protocols call for physically merging smaller droplets on hard surfaces, combining them into a single larger pool for easier removal with an eyedropper, or for gently pushing the spill into a disposable container. Vacuum cleaners and brooms cause greater dispersal of the mercury and should not be used. Afterwards, fine sulfur, zinc, or some other powder that readily forms an amalgam (alloy) with mercury at ordinary temperatures is sprinkled over the area before itself being collected and properly disposed of. Cleaning porous surfaces and clothing is not effective at removing all traces of mercury and it is therefore advised to discard these kinds of items should they be exposed to a mercury spill. Mercury can cause both acute and big danger harm to self and other substances it is also very rare. You as a human should not inhale mercury it can be absorbed in your skin that is why certain safety procedures have to be taken when this substance is or comes in contact with you. you should discard of the spills very carefully.
 * Treatment:** Research on the treatment of mercury poisoning is limited. Currently available drugs for acute mercurial poisoning include chelators N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamine (NAP), British Anti - Lewisite (BAL), 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS), and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). In one small study including 11 construction workers exposed to elemental mercury, patients were treated with DMSA and NAP. Chelation therapy with both drugs resulted in the mobilization of a small fraction of the total estimated body mercury. DMSA was able to increase the excretion of mercury to a greater extent than NAP.

Mercury does not react with most acids, such as dilute sulfuric acid, although oxidizing acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid or aqua regia dissolve it to give sulfate, nitrate, and chloride salts. Like silver, mercury reacts with atmospheric hydrogen sulfide. Mercury even reacts with solid sulfur flakes, which are used in mercury spill kits to absorb mercury vapors (spill kits also use activated carbon and powdered zinc). Mercury dissolves to form amalgams with gold, zinc and many other metals. Because iron is an exception, iron flasks have been traditionally used to trade mercury. Other metals that do not form amalgams with mercury include tantalum, tungsten and platinum. Sodium amalgam is a common reducing agent in organic synthesis, and is also used in high-pressure sodium lamps. Mercury readily combines with aluminum to form a mercury - aluminum amalgam when the two pure metals come into contact. Since the amalgam reacts with air to give aluminium oxide, small amounts of mercury corrode aluminium. For this reason, mercury is not allowed aboard an aircraft under most circumstances because of the risk of it forming an amalgam with exposed aluminium parts in the aircraft. Mercury can be dangerous when not handled with care. Do not ingest mercury.
 * Chemical Properties:**