Lysergic+acid+diethylamide

=Lysergic acid diethylamide= Is part of the ergoline family and is most commonly known as lsd. This psychedelic drug is known to cause hallucinations and loss of time. Lsd was synthesized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 from grain fungus. It has been used in psychiatry for its beneficial properties such as in cluster headaches, alcoholism, and spiritual purposes. It is created by reacting diethylamide with lycergic acid Though there is no definite adverse affects and no known addictive properties the United States classifies it as a schedule 1 substance

**Lysergic acid diethylamide**, abbreviated **LSD** or **LSD-25**, also known as **lysergide** and colloquially as **acid**, is a [|semisynthetic] [|psychedelic drug] of the [|ergoline] family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, [|synaesthesia], an altered sense of [|time] and [|spiritual experiences] , as well as for its key role in [|1960s counterculture]. It is used mainly as an [|entheogen], [|recreational drug] , and as an agent in [|psychedelic therapy]. LSD is non-addictive, is not known to cause brain damage, and has extremely low [|toxicity relative to dose], although in rare cases adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety or delusions are possible. [|[3]] LSD was first [|synthesized] by [|Albert Hofmann] in 1938 from [|ergotamine], a chemical derived by [|Arthur Stoll] from [|ergot] , a [|grain] [|fungus] that typically grows on [|rye]. The short form "LSD" comes from its early code name //LSD-25//, which is an abbreviation for the German "Lysergsäure-diethylamid" followed by a sequential number. [|[4]][|[5]] LSD is sensitive to [|oxygen], [|ultraviolet light] , and [|chlorine] , especially in [|solution] , though its potency may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is a colorless, odorless, and mildly bitter solid. [|[6]] LSD is typically delivered orally, usually on a substrate such as absorbent [|blotter paper], a [|sugar cube] , or [|gelatin]. In its liquid form, it can also be administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection. LSD is very potent, with 20–30 [|µg] (micrograms) being the threshold dose. New experiments with LSD have started in 2009 for the first time in 40 years. [|[7]] Introduced by [|Sandoz Laboratories], with trade-name **Delysid**, as a drug with various [|psychiatric] uses in 1947, LSD quickly became a [|therapeutic agent] that appeared to show great promise. [|[8]] In the 1950s, officials at the U.S. [|Central Intelligence Agency] (CIA) thought the drug might be applicable to [|mind control] and [|chemical warfare] ; the agency's [|MKULTRA] research program propagated the drug among young servicemen and students. The subsequent recreational use of the drug by [|youth culture] in the [|Western world] during the 1960s led to a political firestorm that resulted in its [|prohibition]. [|[9]] Currently, a number of organizations—including [|the Beckley Foundation], [|MAPS] , [|Heffter Research Institute] and the [|Albert Hofmann] Foundation—exist to fund, encourage and coordinate research into the medicinal and spiritual uses of LSD and related psychedelics.

Chemistry and structure
   The four possible stereoisomers of LSD. Only (+)-LSD is psychoactive. LSD is an [|ergoline] derivative. It is commonly synthesised by reacting [|diethylamine] with an activated form of [|lysergic acid]. Activating reagents include [|phosphoryl chloride][|[68]] and [|peptide coupling reagents]. [|[69]] Lysergic acid is made by alkaline [|hydrolysis] of lysergamides like [|ergotamine], a substance derived from the [|ergot] [|fungus] on [|rye] , or from [|ergine] (lysergic acid amide, LSA), a compound that is found in [|morning glory] (//Ipomoea tricolor//) and [|Hawaiian baby woodrose] (//Argyreia nervosa//) seeds. LSD is a [|chiral] compound with two [|stereocenters] at the [|carbon] atoms C-5 and C-8, so that theoretically four different [|optical isomers] of LSD could exist. LSD, also called (+)- D -LSD, has the [|absolute configuration] (5//R//,8//R//). The C-5 [|isomers] of lysergamides do not exist in nature and are not formed during the synthesis from D -lysergic acid. [|Retrosynthetically], the C-5 stereocenter could be analysed as having the same configuration of the alpha carbon of the naturally occurring amino acid L- [|tryptophan] , the precursor to all biosynthetic ergoline compounds. However, LSD and iso-LSD, the two C-8 isomers, rapidly interconvert in the presence of [|bases], as the alpha proton is acidic and can be [|deprotonated] and reprotonated. Non-psychoactive iso-LSD which has formed during the synthesis can be separated by [|chromatography] and can be isomerized to LSD. A totally pure salt of LSD will emit small flashes of white light when shaken in the dark. [|[5]] LSD is strongly [|fluorescent] and will glow bluish-white under [|UV light].