Neon

//Atomic Number: 10// //Atomic Mass: 20.1797// Neon is a chemical that is a colorless, oderless, and tasteless element gas. It is widely available within the universe, but sparse on Earth. It is most commonly known for its use in __neon signs__. Neon plasma will put off a burnt orange glow. This release of neon is the the most intense and bright of all the gasous elements. Natural neon can be formed by combining the use of three isotopes, which are Ne 20, Ne 21 and Ne 22. They are all very stable elements. There are five that are still unknown to science. These five unknown isotopes are thought to be unstable. The symbol for neon is Ne and its atomic number is 10. It is in group 18, noble gas, and period 2 on the periodic table. Although this chemical is very common in the universe, it is very uncommon here on earth Due to its stable chemical characteristics, neon can not form any compounds.
 * Neon-Ne**
 * 1) __**Characteristics of Neon**__

Neon is actually abundant on a universal scale; it is the fifth most abundant chemical element in the universe by mass, after hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon (see chemical element). Its relative rarity on Earth, like that of helium, is due to its relative lightness, high vapor pressure at very low temperatures, and chemical inertness, all properties which tend to keep it from being trapped in the condensing gas and dust clouds which resulted in the formation of smaller and warmer solid planets like Earth. Neon is monatomic, making it lighter than the molecules of diatomic nitrogen and oxygen which form the bulk of Earth's atmosphere; a balloon filled with neon will rise in air, albeit more slowly than a helium balloon. Mass abundance in the universe is about 1 part in 750 and in the Sun and presumably in the proto-solar system nebula, about 1 part in 600. The Galileo spacecraft atmospheric entry probe found that even in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, the abundance of neon is reduced (depleted) by about a factor of 10, to a level of 1 part in 6,000 by mass. This may indicate that even the ice-planetesimals which brought neon into Jupiter from the outer solar system, formed in a region which was too warm for them to have kept their neon (abundances of heavier inert gases on Jupiter are several times that found in the Sun). Neon is rare on Earth, found in the Earth's atmosphere at 1 part in 65,000 (by volume) or 1 part in 83,000 by mass. It is industrially produced by cryogenic fractional distillation of liquefied air.
 * __Occurance__**

__**History of Neon**__ The word neon was coined from the Greek "neos", which means new gas. Neon sign is a product of the gradual development of the ancient Geissler tube (also named a Crookes tube), invented by Heinrich Geissler, a German glassblower and physicist. After the invention of the Geissler tube, many inventors started conducting experiments with tubes, electrical power and different gases. In 1900, various experiments led to the invention of electric discharge or vapor lamps in Europe and the United States. Discharge lamps are lighting gadgets that compose of a clear container in which a gas is powered by an applied voltage, and therefore made to glow. And finally thereafter, thanks to the French engineer, chemist and inventor Georges Claude, he developed the first neon signs. He was the first one to use an electrical current to a sealed tube of neon gas in 1902 to make a lamp. The first ever public presentation of a neon sign was of two- 38-foot long tubes at the Paris Expo in December 1910. It was Jaques Fonseque, who sold the first commercial neon sign to a Paris barber shop owner in 1912. Fonseque was Claude’s partner. Georges Claude patented the neon lighting tube in 1915. Claude and his French company Claude Neon then presented the neon signs in the United States in 1923. Since then, neon lighting rose to become a prominent industry in outdoor advertising. Distinguishable even in daytime, people would stop and look at the first neon signs called as "liquid fire".

Wilson, John W.; Townsend, L. W.; Bidasaria, H. B.; Schimmerling, Walter; Wong, Mervyn; Howard, Jerry
The dose from heavy ion beams has been calculated using a one-dimensional transport theory and evaluated for 670 MeV/amu 20Ne beams in water. The result is presented so as to be applicable to arbitrary ions for which the necessary interaction data are known. The present evaluation is based on the Silberberg-Tsao fragmentation parameters augmented with light fragment production from intranuclear cascades, recently calculated nuclear absorption cross sections, and evaluated stopping power data. Comparison with recent experimental data obtained at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory reveals the need for more accurate fragmentation data. (C)1984Health Physics Society



Neon is also used in televison tubes, wave meter tubes, and also as a refridgerent. Neon in rarely found on earth but is present in the atmosphere at 1 part per 65,000 of air. Neon has a melting point of 248.67°C. Neon has a boiling point of -246.048°C. Scientists wanted to find out how much neon was contained in the sun. Neon, along with other elements, plays an important role in regulating the rate at which energy flows from nuclear reactions in the Sun's core to its surface. A convection zone, which is the turbulent region of the Sun, can give the abundance of neon. They say a gas that is heated to millions of __degrees__ produces a distinct neon signal in X-rays. Scientists used Chandra to measure the neon abundance in 21 Sun-like stars within a distance of 400 light years. They found that the neon was three times more neon than is measured for the Sun. Many signs are made out of neon and fixing them when they break can be expensive. They usually tend to last for a while but when they do break replacing them can cost $129 and up just to fix one bulb. They are very attractive to the eyes so companies tend to use them to attract customers into the place or let them know that they are open or closed!
 * Neon in the Stars:**

When excited electrically, neon gives off a bright red color, but the gas itself is colorless.
 * Interesting Fact About Neon:**



Compounds
Neon is the first p-block noble gas. Neon is generally considered to be inert. No true neutral compounds of neon are known. However, the ions Ne+, (NeAr)+, (NeH)+, and (HeNe+) have been observed from optical and mass spectrometric studies, and there are some unverified reports of an unstable hydrate