Einsteinium

Basic Facts
Einsteinium has an atomic number of 99, its standard atomic weight is 252, and its electorns per shell are ordered 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2. This is found to be a solid standardly, it has a density of 8.84 grams per centimeter(^-3), and has a melting point of 860 degrees celcius. It has an electronegativity of 1.3, and was obviously named after, Albert Einstein. History Einsteinium was discovered by a team of scientists led by Albert Ghiorso in 1952 while studying the radioactive debris produced by the detonation of the first hydrogen bomb. The isotope they discovered, einsteinium-253, has a half-life of about 20 days and was produced by combining 15 neutrons with uranium-238, which then underwent seven beta decays. Today, einsteinium is produced though a lengthy chain of nuclear reactions that involves bombarding each isotope in the chain with neutrons and then allowing the resulting isotope to undergo beta decay. Einsteinium's most stable isotope, einsteinium-252, has a half-life of about 471.7 days. It decays into berkelium-248 through alpha decay, into californium-252 through electron capture or into fermium-252 through beta decay. Since only small amounts of einsteinium have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.
 * Estimated Crustal Abundance:** Not Applicable
 * Estimated Oceanic Abundance:** Not Applicable
 * Number of Stable Isotopes:** 0 (View all isotope data)
 * Ionization Energy:** 6.42 eV
 * Oxidation State:** +3

First observed in a fallout from the Ivy Mike nuclear test. it was first identified in December of 1952 by Albert Ghiorso and other co-workers at the University of California, Berkeley.

Physical Characteristics
Synthetic, silvery-white radioactive metal. Located on the periodic table to the right of the element 'californium' and to the left of the element 'fermium'. It has a density of 8.84 grams per centimeter^3, which is nearly the same as the element, 'holmium'. This is a soft meta, with the majority modulus, of only 15 GPa, which is on of the lowest among all the non-alkali metals on the periodic table.

Einsteninium is the element with the highest atomic number which has been observed in macroscopic quantities in its pure form. This element is reactive. It's trivalent oxidation state is most stable in solids and aqueous solution where it induced pale pink color. There is no use for any isotop of the element, outside of basic scientific research aiming at production of higher transuranic elements and transactinides.

This picture shows the color usually experienced when working with this element Google Image


 * Name:** Einsteinium
 * Symbol:** Es
 * Atomic Number:** 99
 * Atomic Mass:** (252.0) amu
 * Melting Point:** Unknown
 * Boiling Point:** Unknown
 * Number of Protons/Electrons:** 99
 * Number of Neutrons:** 153
 * Crystal Structure:** Unknown
 * Density @ 293 K:** Unknown


 * Date of Discovery:** 1952
 * Discoverer:** Argonne, Los Alamos, University of California
 * Name Origin:** After Albert Einstein
 * Uses:** No uses known
 * Obtained From:** Man-made