Methylene+Chloride

Methylene chloride, also called dichloromethane, is a volatile, colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Methylene chloride is used in various industrial processes, in many different industries including paint stripping, pharmaceutical manufacturing, paint remover manufacturing, and metal cleaning and degreasing. The most common means of exposure to methylene chloride is inhalation and skin exposure. OSHA considers methylene chloride to be a potential occupational [|carcinogen]. Its a potential occupational carcinogen.

Exposures to methylene chloride are addressed in specific standards for general industry, shipyard employment and the construction industry. This section highlights OSHA standards, preambles to final rules (background to final rules), Federal Registers (rules, proposed rules, and notices), directives (instructions for compliance officers), and standard interpretations (official letters of interpretation of the standards) related to methylene chloride. Twenty-five states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands have [|OSHA-approved State Plans] and have adopted their own standards and enforcement policies. For the most part, these States adopt standards that are identical to Federal OSHA. However, some States have adopted different standards applicable to this topic or may have different enforcement policies.

History
DCM was first prepared in 1840 by the [|French] [|chemist] [|Henri Victor Regnault] (1810–1878), who isolated it from a mixture of [|chloromethane] and [|chlorine] that had been exposed to [|sunlight].

Production
DCM is produced by [|treating] either [|methyl chloride] or methane with chlorine gas at 400–500 °C. At these temperatures, both [|methane] and methyl chloride undergo a series of reactions producing progressively more chlorinated products. [|[1]] [|CH4] + [|Cl2] → [|CH3Cl] + [|HCl] CH3Cl + Cl2 → CH2Cl2 + HClCH2Cl2 + Cl2 → [|CHCl3] + HClCHCl3 + Cl2 → [|CCl4] + HCl The output of these processes is a mixture of [|methyl chloride], dichloromethane, [|chloroform] , and [|carbon tetrachloride]. These compounds are separated by [|distillation].

Uses
DCM's volatility and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds makes it a useful solvent for many chemical processes. Concerns about its health effects have led to a search for alternatives in many of these applications. [|[1]] It is widely used as a [|paint stripper] and a [|degreaser]. In the [|food industry], it has been used to [|decaffeinate] [|coffee] and [|tea] as well as to prepare extracts of [|hops] and other [|flavorings]. [|[2]] Its volatility has led to its use as an [|aerosol spray propellant] and as a [|blowing agent] for [|polyurethane] [|foams].

Specialized uses
The chemical compound's low [|boiling point] allows the chemical to function as a [|heat engine] that can extract movement from low grade temperatures. An example of a DCM heat engine is the [|drinking bird]. The toy works at room temperature. DCM chemically welds certain plastics. For example, it is used to seal the casing of electric meters. Often sold as a main component of [|plastic welding adhesives], it is also used extensively by [|model building] hobbyists for joining plastic components together — it is commonly referred to as "Di-clo." It is used in the garment printing industry for removal of heat-sealed garment transfers, and its volatility is exploited in novelty items — [|bubble lights] and [|jukebox] displays. DCM is used in the material testing field of [|civil engineering] ; specifically it is used during the testing of bituminous materials as a solvent to separate the binder from the aggregate of an [|asphalt] or [|macadam] to allow the testing of the materials. [|[3]]  [|[show]] ||  [|[show]] ||  120 || [|temperature] || 556 °C || [|properties] || [|//n//], [|εr] , etc. || [|data] || Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas ||
 * ~ Dichloromethane ||
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Dichloromethane.svg/100px-Dichloromethane.svg.png width="100" height="101" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dichloromethane.svg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Dichloromethane-3D-vdW.png/120px-Dichloromethane-3D-vdW.png width="120" height="101" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dichloromethane-3D-vdW.png"]] ||
 * [|IUPAC name] [|[hide]] Dichloromethane ||
 * Other names [|[hide]] Methylene chloride, methylene dichloride, Solmethine, Narkotil, Solaesthin, Di-clo, Freon 30, R-30, DCM, UN 1593, MDC ||
 * ~ Identifiers ||
 * [|CAS number] || [|75-09-2]  [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png width="7" height="7" caption="Yes"]] ||
 * [|PubChem] || [|6344]  ||
 * [|ChemSpider] || [|6104]  [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png width="7" height="7" caption="Yes"]] ||
 * [|UNII] || [|588X2YUY0A]  [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png width="7" height="7" caption="Yes"]] ||
 * [|EC number] || [|200-838-9]  ||
 * [|KEGG] || [|D02330]  [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png width="7" height="7" caption="Yes"]] ||
 * [|ChEBI] || [|CHEBI:15767]  [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png width="7" height="7" caption="Yes"]] ||
 * [|ChEMBL] || [|CHEMBL45967]  [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png width="7" height="7" caption="Yes"]] ||
 * [|RTECS number] || PA8050000 ||
 * [|Jmol] -3D images || [|Image 1] ||
 * [|SMILES]
 * [|InChI]
 * ~ Properties ||
 * [|Molecular formula] || CH2Cl2 ||
 * [|Molar mass] || 84.93 g/mol ||
 * Appearance || Colorless liquid ||
 * [|Density] || 1.33 g/cm3, liquid ||
 * [|Melting point] || -96.7 °C, 176 K, -142 °F ||
 * [|Boiling point] || 39.6 °C, 313 K, 103 °F ||
 * [|Solubility] in [|water] || 13 g/L at 20 °C ||
 * [|Vapor pressure] || 47 kPa at 20 °C ||
 * ~ Hazards ||
 * [|MSDS] || [|External MSDS] ||
 * [|R-phrases] || [|R40] ||
 * [|S-phrases] || [|S23] [|S24/25] [|S36/37] ||
 * Main [|hazards] || Harmful (**Xn**), [|Carc. Cat. 2B] ||
 * [|NFPA 704] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png width="75" height="75" caption="NFPA 704.svg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NFPA_704.svg"]]
 * [|Flash point] || None ||
 * [|Autoignition]
 * ~ [|Supplementary data page] ||
 * [|Structure and]
 * [|Thermodynamic]
 * [|Spectral data] || [|UV], [|IR] , [|NMR] , [|MS] ||