Bleaching+powder

Bleaching powder is utilized used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent. It is often used for cleaning drinking water and swimming water and bleaching cotton and linen. Also, it is used in the sugar industry for bleaching sugar cane juice before it reaches crystallization. It's chemical compound is Ca(ClO) 2. Calcium hypochlorite is a yellow white solid which has a strong of chlorine. It is not highly soluble in water, and is more preferably used in soft to medium water. Calcium Chloride CaCl 2, sometimes called chloride of lime, can be prepared by reacting calcium hydroxide or slaked lime with chlorine gas, Cl 2. It is used as a strong bleaching agent, as a disinfectant, and in making Javelle water. Bleaching powder was first produced in 1799 by Charles Tennant in Glasgow, Scotland.

** Calcium hypochlorite ** is a chemical compound with formula Ca ( ClO ) 2. It is widely used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent (bleaching powder). This chemical is considered to be relatively stable and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach). ** Preparation: **It is manufactured by the calcium process:

.  Bleaching powder is actually a mixture of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO) 2 ) and the basic chloride CaCl 2, H 2 O with some slaked lime, Ca(OH) 2.

** Properties ** Calcium hypochlorite is a yellow white solid which has a strong smell of chlorine. It is not highly soluble in water, and is more preferably used in soft to medium-hard water. It has two forms: a dry form and a hydrated form. The hydrated form is safer to handle.

Calcium hypochlorite reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate and release dichlorine monoxide :

 Calcium hypochlorite reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, water and gaseous chlorine :

Ca(ClO)2 + 4 HCl → CaCl2 + 2 H2O + 2 Cl2 ** Uses ** Calcium hypochlorite is used for the disinfection of drinking water or swimming pool water. It is used as a sanitizer in outdoor swimming pools in combination with a cyanuric acid stabilizer, which reduces the loss of chlorine due to ultraviolet radiation. The calcium content hardens the water and tends to clog up some filters; hence, some products containing calcium hypochlorite also contain anti-scaling agents.

Calcium hypochlorite is also an ingredient in bleaching powder, used for bleaching cotton and linen. It is also used in bathroom cleaners, household disinfectant sprays, moss and algae removers, and weedkillers.

In addition, calcium hypochlorite may be used to manufacture chloroform.

Bleaching powder is used also in sugar industry for bleaching sugar cane juice before its crystallization.



Disinfection
Bleach must be diluted to be used safely when disinfecting surfaces and when used to treat drinking water. When disinfecting most surfaces, 1 part liquid household bleach to 100 parts water is sufficient for sanitizing. Stronger or weaker solutions may be more appropriate to meet specific goals, such as killing resistant viruses or sanitizing surfaces that will not be in contact with food. See references for more information. In an emergency, drinking water should be treated by boiling for 1–3 minutes, longer at higher altitudes. If boiling is not possible, water can be chemically treated with a ratio of 2 drops of plain liquid household bleach (5-6% sodium hypochlorite solution) per liter of water or 8 drops of bleach per gallon (3.79L) of water; 1/2 teaspoon bleach per five gallons (19L) of water. Do not use powdered bleach, or bleach with scents, cleaners or other additives. Do not collect water for treatment from flood waters or other potentially contaminated sources. If water appears dirty or cloudy, let it settle and/or filter the water before adding the bleach. Let treated water stand covered for 30 minutes. If water is still cloudy after filtering, double the amount of bleach used. If the water is very cold, either warm it before treatment or double the treatment time. Treated water should still have a slight bleach odor after treatment. If it does not, repeat the treatment. If no bleach odor is evident after a second treatment, discard the water and find a better water source. Inappropriate dilutions of bleach can endanger your health.