Ununtrium

=**Ununtrium:**=


 * Symbol: Uut
 * Atomic Number: 113
 * Atomic Weight: [ 284 ]
 * Standard state: presumably a solid at 298 K
 * Group: 13
 * Group Name: (none)
 * Period: 7
 * Color: unknown, but probably metallic and silvery white or grey in appearance
 * Classification: Metallic

Ununtrium is the temporary name of a synthetic element with the temporary symbol Uut and atomic number 113. It is placed in the heaviest member of the group 13 elements. It was first detected in 2003 in the decay of ununpentium and was synthesized directly in 2004. Only fourteen atoms of ununtrium have been oberseved to date.

Experiments resulting in the formation of element 115 were reported in February 2004 following experiments carried out between 14 July - 10 August 2003 involving scientists at Dubna (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at the U400 cyclotron with the Dubna gas-filled recoil separator, DGFRS) in Russia in a collaboration also involving scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA. In these experiments, the primary product were four nuclei of element 115 isotopes. All these four nuclei decayed through the emisson of α-particles to isotopes of element 113. The claim has not yet been ratified, but the results are now published in a reputable peer-reviewed journal.

__Facts__ - The first report of ununtrium was in August 2003 when it was identified as a decay product of ununpentium. - The synthesis of ununtrium was first attempted in 1998 by the team at GSI using the cold fusion reaction. - In June 2006, a team synthesized ununtrium directly in the "warm" fusion reaction. These are processes which create compound nuclei at high excitation energy leading to a reduced probability of survival from fission.

Naming The element with atomic number 113 is historically known as //eka-thallium//. Research scientists usually refer to the element simply as //element 113// (or E113).

Discovery of Ununtrium
Author: Dr. Doug Stewart Research scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), California believed they had made element 113, ununtrium, in Dubna, Russia in 2003. The work was a collaboration between science teams led by Yuri Oganessian and Ken Moody. The team gathered data indicating that element 113 had been made by alpha decay of element 115. Element 115 was synthesized by fusion of element 20 with element 95: calcium-48 with americium-243. The experiment began on July 14, 2003, and ended on August 10, 2003. Calcium ions were formed into a beam in a cyclotron (a particle accelerator) and fired at a target layer of americium deposited on titanium foil. Four atoms of element 115 (ununpentium) may have been produced, which then decayed to element 113 (ununtrium). (1) The researcher's data indicates one atom of ununtrium-283 and three atoms of ununtrium-284 were made. (2) In 2011, The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) reviewed the work done in Dubna and at the LLNL, and did not accept the discovery of ununtrium. The report stated, "the results are encouraging but do not meet the criteria for discovery because of the paucity of events, the lack of connections to known nuclides, and the absence of cross-bombardments." (3) As a result of its position in the periodic table, ununtrium would be expected to be classed as one of the "other metals" and to have similar properties to the metal thallium. Too little of the element has been synthesized for this to be confirmed. The joint teams at JINR in Dubna and Lawrence Livermore in California have published evidence for the synthesis of elements 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 and 118. IUPAC has accepted the discoveries of element 114 (ununquadium) and element 116 (ununhexium). It has not yet considered the evidence for the discovery of element 117 (ununseptium). IUPAC requires stronger evidence before it will confirm the synthesis of element 113 (ununtrium), element 115 (ununpentium), or element 118 (ununoctium).