Deoxyribonucleic+acid+(DNA)

DNA is one of the three major macromolecules that that are essential for all known forms of life. The DNA segments carrying the genetic information are called genes. Within cells DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes, and during replication each cell gets its own complete set of chromosomes.
 * Deoxyribonucleic acid (****DNA**) is a nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms (with the exception of RNA viruses). Nearly every cell in a person's body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus, but a small amount of DNA can be found in the mitochondria (mtDNA). DNA is consisted of four chemical bases which stored as a code: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99% of the bases are the same for every human. The sequence of these chemical bases determines the information available for building/maintaining an organism. The bases pair up with each other: A and T, C and G this forms units call base pairs. Each base pair also attaches to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule and all of it arranged together makes a nucleotide. Nucleotides are two long strands that form a spiral called a double helix the groups are joined by ester bonds. DNA can replicate which is an important property because when cells divide each new cell needs to have an exact copy of the DNA present in the old cell.


 * __Eukaryotic Organisms__**

Eukaryotic organisms are animals, plants, fungi and protist. These organisms store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and the rest of their DNA in organelles (mitochondria or chloroplasts).


 * __Prokaryote Organisms__**

Prokaryote organisms are bacteria and archaea. They store their DNA in the cytoplasm.