Titanium

Symbol: Ti Atomic number: 22 Atomic mass: 47.867

Titanium is a chemical element in the periodic table symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Transition metal lightweight, sturdy, with a gloss and stainless steel (including sea water and chlorine), and color of silvery white metal.

Titanium is used in strong lightweight alloys (especially with iron and aluminum) and more commonly used compounds are titanium dioxide, which is used in white pigments. It uses those white pigments: printing white correction fluid Correction fluid and white paints. And is also used in toothpaste, the white road markings, and white color fireworks.


 * Characteristics**

Physical
Titanium is a chemical element in the periodic table symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Transition metal light weight and has multiple physical properties: it have a bright (which has a gloss) with a high density. Can be withdrawn, can his ways, and often a relatively high melting temperature Tkdrb more than 1650 degrees Celsius or 3000 degrees Fahrenheit. It is also a solid and good transmission of electricity and heat. This is because in general the intensity of the few. Taraute and all other metals. He spoke often communicate property because all the electrons of an atom is not linked well in the last orbit (electron multiplying) and this consists of a semblance of the sea around the nucleus of the metal cation, causing a property of communication. Armed forces used massive amounts of titanium in aircraft and jet engines because it is strong and light. Can resist temperatures up to 427 ° C degrees, which makes it useful in Vlza multiple types of mechanisms.

Chemical
Most metals are chemically unstable, react with oxygen in the air to form oxides over time (iron rust over the years, burning potassium in seconds: silver lose their brightness in months) either titanium resistant corrosion or rust caused by sea water or steam from the sea, like platinum. In this feature than stainless steel. Acids do not affect water or high alkali corrosion on titanium. Metal which is malleable, and has the highest rate of weight force of steel. All these qualities make him Vlza of great importance. Titanium reacts easily with oxygen at 1200 degrees Celsius (2190 degrees Fahrenheit) in the air, and at a temperature of 610 (1130 degrees Fahrenheit) in pure oxygen, which form titanium dioxide. As a result, it should not melt the metal in the open air, it burns before reaching the melting point. Melting is possible only in an inert atmosphere or in vacuum. At a temperature score of 550 Celsius (1022 degrees Fahrenheit), it combines with chlorine. And also interacts with other halogens and absorbs hydrogen. Titanium is one of the few elements that burns in pure nitrogen gas, and in response to 800 degrees Celsius (1470 degrees Fahrenheit) to form titanium nitride, which causes embrittlement.

Experience has shown that natural titanium becomes radioactive after the loss of an electron, and positron emission, leading to emission of radiation.

Titanium compounds
+4 Oxidation number of titanium-dominated chemistry, but compounds in the +3 oxidation state are also common. Because it is the preparation of high oxidation number of titanium compounds have a high degree of interdependence through covalent. Star sapphires and rubies are obtained from titanium dioxide impurities in it. Titanate compounds are made ​​from titanium dioxide, barium titanate has piezoelectric properties, which makes it possible to use an audio adapter and power. Esters of titanium are formed through the interaction of alcohol and titanium tetrachloride and are used to waterproof fabrics. Titanium tetrachloride TiCl 4, sometimes called "tickle" is a means of Asfrallon which is used as feedstock in the manufacture of titanium dioxide for paint. Used widely in organic chemistry, Lewis acid, for example, in Alzqatv, titanium chloride and the third (TiCl 3 ), which is used as a reductant



Titanium is a transition metal, which is silvery gray and corrosion resistant.

History:

Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth for the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of mineral deposits, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere, and it is found in almost all living things, rocks, water bodies, and soils.The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores via the Kroll processor the Hunter process. Its most common compound, titanium dioxide, is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ), a component of smoke screens and catalysts; and titanium trichloride (TiCl 3 ), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene.

**Main Use**

Titanium is used in steel as an alloying element ( ferro-titanium ) to reduce grain size and as a deoxidizer, and in stainless steel to reduce carbon content. Titanium is often alloyed with aluminium (to refine grain size), vanadium, copper (to harden), iron, manganese, molybdenum, and with other metals. Applications for titanium mill products (sheet, plate, bar, wire, forgings, castings) can be found in industrial, aerospace, recreational, and emerging markets. Powdered titanium is used in pyrotechnics as a source of bright-burning particles.

Pigments, additives and coatings
Titanium dioxide is the most commonly used compound of titanium

About 95% of titanium ore extracted from the Earth is destined for refinement into titanium dioxide ( TiO 2 ), an intensely white permanent pigment used in paints, paper, toothpaste, and plastics. It is also used in cement, in gemstones, as an optical opacifier in paper, and a strengthening agent in graphite composite fishing rods and golf clubs.

TiO 2 powder is chemically inert, resists fading in sunlight, and is very opaque: this allows it to impart a pure and brilliant white color to the brown or gray chemicals that form the majority of household plastics. In nature, this compound is found in the minerals anatase, brookite, and rutile. Paint made with titanium dioxide does well in severe temperatures, and stands up to marine environments. Pure titanium dioxide has a very high index of refraction and an optical dispersion higher than diamond. In addition to being a very important pigment, titanium dioxide is also used in sunscreens due to its ability to protect skin by itself. Recently, titanium oxide has been put to use in air purifiers (as a filter coating), or in film used to coat windows on buildings so that when titanium oxide becomes exposed to UV light (either solar or artificial) and moisture in the air, reactive redox species like hydroxyl radicals are produced so that they can purify the air or keep window surfaces clean.


 * Name:** Titanium **Symbol:** Ti **Atomic Number:** 22 **Atomic Mass:** 47.867 amu **Melting Point:** 1660.0 °C (1933.15 K, 3020.0 °F) **Boiling Point:** 3287.0 °C (3560.15 K, 5948.6 °F) **Number of Protons/Electrons:** 22 **Number of Neutrons:** 26 **Classification:** Transition Metal **Crystal Structure:** Hexagonal **Density @ 293 K:** 4.54 g/cm3 **Color:** silverish

Atomic Structure

 * [[image:http://www.chemicalelements.com/bohr/b0022.gif width="277" height="275"]] ||  || **Number of Energy Levels:** 4
 * First Energy Level:** **Second Energy Level:** **Third Energy Level:** **Fourth Energy Level:** ||

Isotopes

 * ** Isotope ** || ** Half Life ** ||
 * Ti-44 || 52.0 years ||
 * Ti-45 || 3.07 hours ||
 * Ti-46 || Stable ||
 * Ti-47 || Stable ||
 * Ti-48 || Stable ||
 * Ti-49 || Stable ||
 * Ti-50 || Stable ||
 * Ti-51 || 5.76 minutes ||

Facts

 * Date of Discovery:** 1791 **Discoverer:** William Gregor **Name Origin:** From the Greek word //titanos// (Titans) **Uses:** paint, rubber, paper **Obtained From:** minerals (ilmenite, rutile)